Annotated Bibliography Of Employee Union - 998 Words

Annotated bibliography of employee union Barnes, A., MacMillan, C., Markey, R. (2014): Maintaining union voice in the Australian university sector: Union strategy and non-union forms of employee participation: Journal of Industrial Relations: http://dx.doi.org/DOI: 10.1177/0022185613489414 This article examines union response to employee’s needs and concerns. The writers finding suggests that in the short term, unions adopted a strategy of compliance and requirement through the development of hybrid forms of voice, such as staff consultative committees. They further understand that non-union forms of employee representation may not allow employees to express dissatisfaction with the workplace because of employer retaliation. Unions, the research explain would seek to dominate these committees by ensuring that their members were elected as staff representatives, thereby safeguarding the dominance of union voice. The non-union employee representation that was created, however, was constrained as an expression of employee voice. Despite this constrain unions have actively involved in establishing representative structures that give exposure to a broader set of organizational issues than those normally covered by collective bargaining. However, where unions have bee n weak or entirely absent from the workplace, employers were motivated to instigate alternative voice mechanisms through non-union representative bodies in order to channel dissatisfaction, facilitate communicationShow MoreRelatedThe Union Of The Australian University Sector : Union Strategy And Non Union Forms Of Employee Participation769 Words   |  4 PagesAnnotated Bibliography Barnes, A., MacMillan, C., Markey, R. (2014): Maintaining union voice in the Australian university sector: Union strategy and non-union forms of employee participation: Journal of Industrial Relations: http://dx.doi.org/DOI: 10.1177/0022185613489414 This article examines union response to employee’s needs and concerns. The writers finding suggest that in the short term, unions adopted a strategy of compliance and requirement through the development of hybrid forms of voiceRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Public Sector Union938 Words   |  4 PagesAnnotated Bibliography on Public Sector Union Baird, W. C (2012): Government-Sector Unionism and Human Rights: Springer Science Business Media: http://dx.doi.org/ DOI 10.1007/s12142-012-0237-z If something is a human right, it must be possible for all humans to exercise it, in the same way, at the same time, without logical contradiction, said the writer. What is more interesting is that collective bargaining for government-sector employees can appear to violate the rights of both government-sectorRead MoreHuman Service 411 : 19001368 Words   |  6 Pages Julio Lagrule May19, 2016 BMCC / CUNY Spring 2016 Human Service 411 – 1900 The Reason Why We Need to Change the Current â€Å"Employment At-Will† Policy My annotated bibliography is on the current â€Å"Employment At-Will† policy, which is currently used by most employers to terminate employees without proper cause. The policy was first introduce in 1877 by Horace Gray Wood in treatise called â€Å"Master and Servant.† The policy provides employers and employees the freedom to terminate employmentRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography: Workplace Absenteeism or Anxiety and Depression5481 Words   |  22 PagesQuestion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . 8 5. A List of Key Terms amp; Definitions †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9 6. Annotated Bibliography †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.12 a. List of 6 (Best) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 b. List of 2 (Non-research based)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦24 c. List of 2 (Irrelevant) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...27 7. Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦28 8. References / Bibliography †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦30 Introduction The topics for this individual assignment are: Workplace absenteeismRead MoreBusiness Ethics Annotated Bibliography2636 Words   |  11 Pages Annotated Bibliography Marvin Wilcox Liberty University Biong, H., Nygaard, A., amp; Silkoset, R. (2010). The influence of retail management’s use of social power on corporate ethical values, employee commitment, and performance. 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A literature review with annotated bibliography Author: Annika Schilling Andreas Werr - Stockholm School of Economics Series: VINNOVA Report VR 2009:06 ISBN: 978-91-85959-47-1 ISSN: 1650-3104 Published: Februari 2009 Publisher:Read MoreMga Uri Ng Pagsulat5939 Words   |  24 PagesThrough proactive collaborative communication, our leadership ensures we understand our client’s expectations and strives to exceed them. We foster a service culture in our training, reward and recognition and performance management process so each employee takes ownership to deliver superlative service to our clients. As a result of these key competencies, our clients are pleased with our results, and this has fueled our growth. We currently have more than 100 employees dedicated in client environmentsRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography3971 Words   |  16 Pagesâ€Å"Annotated Bibliography† By: Ada E. Arroyo TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. Randall, R., Cox, T. Griffiths, A. (2007). Participants accounts of a stress 4 management intervention. Human Relations 2. Hays, J. (2007). Dynamics of Organizational Wisdom. Business Renaissance Quarterly 4 3. Williams, B. (2005). MODELS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT. Williams, B. (2005). MODELS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT. 5 Read MoreThe Use of the Sap System in the Aviation Industry: a Case Study of Mtu Aero Engines Poland10942 Words   |  44 PagesEngines 33 4.3 SAP effects on logistics at MTU Aero Engines 37 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 40 5.1 Conclusions and Implications 40 5.2 Research Limitations 42 5.3 Recommendations for further research 43 BIBLIOGRAPHY 45 APPENDIX A QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN 49 LIST OF FIGURES Page FIGURE 2.1 Information sharing with ERP 13 FIGURE 2.2 ERP implementation process 16 FIGURE 3.1 Air traffic in Europe 22 FIGURERead MoreEssay on Mary Kay to Italy8886 Words   |  36 PagesKay’s beauty products is a vital component in the success of the company. 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The Great Wall Of China - 1266 Words

The Great Wall of China James Allen World History 1st period February 1, 2015 The first unified Chinese empire was formed in 221 B.C., that was when seven states were brought together by Shi Huangdi, a conqueror from the state of Qin. Shi Huangdi means â€Å"first emperor.† Until the twentieth century all rulers of imperial China called themselves the emperor. The emperor was believed, by the people of China, to be the son of heaven, God-like. They believed that each of the emperor’s ruled China through heaven’s approval, which was called â€Å"mandate of heaven.† This kind of ruling ensured peaceful dynasties for more than two thousand years. The emperor maintained harmony and kept order and when an emperor died,†¦show more content†¦The nomads really needed the grain and iron from the chinese people and when they couldn’t get it they started robbing and killing the chinese people. The chinese were often terrorized by the nomads. The nomads would raid farms to steal their grain and sometimes they would even attack an entire city. The chinese people were dependant on the emperor’s to protect them, keep them safe, and bring some kind of order in the land. Different emperor’s throughout time tried many different approaches in defending China. Some emperor’s tried to make peace with the nomads, some attacked them and tried to drive them north, away from the chinese cities and farms. Other emperor’s built walls to try to keep the nomads out of China. The emperor’s had walls built around the cities and they were many stories high surrounding the whole city. The only way to get in and out of the cities would be roads that passed through the walls with big heavy gates. The gates were guarded day and night by soldiers and they would close the gates every night. The emperor’s had the walls built so thick that the soldiers could stay up on top of the walls to guard the city. To defend China against the nomads Qin Shi Huangdi built the first long wall. Over two thousand years ago when the Great Wall of china was being built, the emperor’s would use their prisoners to help build the wall.

Aquinas and Dante Perfecting Human Reason Free Essays

Julia Caldwell Professor Albrecht Development of Western Civilization 2, February, 2013 Aquinas and Dante: Perfecting Human Reason Aquinas and Dante: Perfecting Human Reason Despite the fact that Dante’s reader doesn’t encounter St. Thomas Aquinas within the Comedia until Paradise, the beliefs and teachings of Aquinas are woven throughout the entirety of the famous poem. St. We will write a custom essay sample on Aquinas and Dante: Perfecting Human Reason or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thomas Aquinas’s cosmology and theology are used as the foundation for Dante’s Comedia, and for this reason it is no surprise that the experiences of the Pilgrim symbolically reflect many of Aquinas’s teachings. The Pilgrim’s experiences on his journey through the afterlife reflect what Aquinas called the, â€Å"two-fold truth concerning the divine being, one to which the inquiry of reason can reach, the other which surpasses the whole ability of human reason† (Summa Contra Gentiles, Handout I, 4). Dante also illustrates Aquinas’s conclusion that man’s reason tends toward the source of ultimate true while mans will tends toward the ultimate good. The reader is able to see how Dante’s will and reason search for, and ultimately attain, fulfillment in the vision of the Divine Essence. Both Aquinas and Dante emphasize the necessary union between human reason and divine faith as a means of attaining this fulfillment. As the instiller of these inclinations, only God Himself can satisfy them. Aquinas demonstrates this idea through his explanation of the natural and the divine law as they pertain to the Eternal law. Dante demonstrates this idea through the Pilgrim’s interactions with his guides and the culmination of his ascension in Paradise. Just as with body and soul, matter and form, there is a harmonious relationship between reason and faith; yet the agents within these partnerships are not equal. Both Dante and Aquinas acknowledge that human reason can assist the individual in understanding God and coinciding one’s will with His will, but they both conclude that this secular-based reasoning is subjugated by and therefore must be perfected by theology. In Dante’s Virgil the reader finds human reason personified. Being the shade of a renowned and wise philosopher, Virgil is a perfect candidate to guide the Pilgrim through hell and purgatory. In his own lifetime Virgil lived as a pious man and therefore attained the imperfect Earthly happiness that can be acquired through natural powers. However, as Aquinas states, â€Å"every knowledge that is according to the mode of created substance, falls short of the vision of the Divine Essence,† therefore Virgil is unable to reach fulfillment since he cannot ascend to Paradise (Summa Theologiae, Handout II, 12). Instead, like many of his pagan contemporaries, Virgil is doomed to spend eternity in the underworld’s Limbo. He will forever yearn to know the ultimate happiness and the ultimate truth that are only found in God. As Virgil puts it himself, â€Å"In this alone we suffer: cut off from hope, we live in desire† (Inferno, 20). Dante provides Virgil as a means of illustrating the incompleteness of human reason, whereby observing Aquinas’s warning. When describing the home of philosophers within Limbo Dante writes, â€Å"we reached a place spread out and luminous† (Inferno 22). It is fitting that this realm be characterized by light because as Aquinas states, â€Å"[natural reason] is nothing else than an imprint on us of the Divine light† (Summa Theologiae, Handout II, 13). The knowledge possessed by the philosophers comes from God Himself, or the Eternal Law. Having never embraced the faith of God through the implementation of the theological virtues, however, Virgil is an imperfect soul. Much like Virgil, human reason is guided by the light of the Eternal Law, but is unperfected without the divine law. It is this very imperfection of Virgil’s nature that makes him the perfect guide for the initial stages of Dante’s journey. In Virgil Dante finds a guide capable of explaining and illuminating the conceptual and rational worlds of Hell and Purgatory, but also in Virgil Dante is able to see the limits of human reason without the theological virtues. With Virgil as his guide, the Pilgrim is â€Å"guided by the light of natural reason† (Summa Contra Gentiles, Handout I, 2). Along his journey, however, Virgil comes to realize that his wise guide is not all-powerful. When the pair arrives at the gates of Dis in Canto 8, the Furies slam the gates of the city shut despite Virgil’s pleas. It is only when a holy messenger from Paradise arrives that the Furies surrender to God’s will and allow Dante and Virgil to enter. Taking this event metaphorically, reason is unable to go on further without grace. As the pair travel within the realm of Purgatory it becomes clear that Dante’s uestions are becoming more of a challenge for Virgil. When Virgil is trying to explain why his shade casts no shadow, his reasoning can only goes as far as to say that his condition is, â€Å"willed by that Power which wills its secret not to be revealed† (Purgatory 207). Dante goes on to describe Virgil’s countenance as having â€Å"anguished thoughts† (Purgatory 207). Virgil’s struggle to explain the dynamics of the afterlife as the pair comes closer to Paradise reflects Aquinas’s conclusion that â€Å"[the] human intellect is not able to reach a comprehension of the divine substance through its natural power† (Summa Contra Gentiles, Handout I, 3). Furthermore this instance exemplifies Aquinas’s conclusion that human reason is able to recognize effects but is unable to explain the Ultimate Cause of these effects without faith (Summa Contra Gentiles, Handout I, 9). Virgil can see that he has no shadow, but he cannot explain the source of the original cause. Since Virgil never believed in the faith of the divine mysteries while he was still on Earth, his intellect is unable to grasp an understanding of God’s will. In conclusion, because Virgil doesn’t use faith to perfect his reason, his own will can never be aligned with the will of his Creator. Virgil specifically alludes to the fault in his faith when he distinguishes between pagan and Christian prayer. He admits that his own prayers, along with the prayers of all pagans, â€Å"had no access to God† (Purgatory, 225). Unlike pagan prayers, which according to Virgil in the Aeneid are powerless in a universe predestined by the Fates, Christian prayers are an embodiment of human participation with the true divine. By taking part in prayer, the individual takes part in the theological virtues that â€Å"are infused by God alone† and â€Å"direct us aright to God† (Summa Theologiae, Handout II, 11). It is only through the participation in these theological virtues that an individual can be guided toward God Himself. These virtues are the perfecting agents by which the human will and intellect are pushed toward their â€Å"last act† (Summa Theologiae, Handout II, 8). This last act is the attainment of happiness in the vision of the Divine Essence. Rather than try to explain concepts beyond what his reason can grapple with, Virgil asks his pupil to wait for Beatrice to answer his questions on this subject: â€Å"Do not try to resolve so deep a doubt; wait until she shall make it clearer—she, he light between truth and intelligence† (Purgatory 225). In this statement Virgil admits that Beatrice, as â€Å"the light†, is more capable of illuminating matters of the divine than the poet. Once the pair reaches the top of mount Purgatory, Virgil tells his young friend, â€Å"you’ve reached the place where my discernment now has reached its end† ( Purgatory 351). Virgil has taken the Pilgrim as far as reason can dictate; now Dante requires a guide of theological proportions to guide him in a realm where reason is blinded. When Dante reaches the top of Mount Purgatory, he has been cleansed of every perversion of the will. The feelings of admiration he felt for Virgil have been replaced by the intense love he feels for his new guide, Beatrice. He now desires conceptual knowledge less and instead begins to explore understanding through his senses. This tradeoff is necessary in this new realm where observations may not be fitting to human concepts. This necessity is made clear when Beatrice beings to explain to Dante the divinely ordained distribution of power amongst the stars (Paradise Canto I). Before she lays out the complicated plan she warns Dante, â€Å"even when the senses guide, reason’s wingspan can sometimes be short† (Paradise 399). This is a reminder to Dante that his experiences in Paradise will not be as easily digested and picked apart as his experiences in Hell and Purgatory. In the former realms, human reason could essentially provide explanations without needing the aid of theology. This is also a cue to Dante’s readers that they are not mentally capable of understanding the phenomena he is about to experience, so they must rely on faith. In a larger context, humanity must rely on its faith in God to have any earthly understanding of what heaven is. Donning red, white, and green, Beatrice symbolically represents the theological virtues, including faith. Dante initially relies on the eyes of Beatrice to reflect the heavenly bodies, since the brightness of Paradise overwhelms his eyes (Paradise 393). This can be metaphorically applied to the idea that humans must rely on the assistance of God, through belief and participation in the theological virtues, to begin to understand God’s mysteries. In the same way Dante initially owes his sight of Paradise to the eyes of Beatrice, humanity owes perfection of its reason to the theological virtues. As Aquinas chimes, â€Å"the theological virtues direct man to supernatural happiness† (Summa Theologiae, Handout II, 11). Through keeping faith in the mysteries while on Earth, a soul will be ready to behold them in the afterlife. In this way, both Dante and Aquinas emphasize how important it is for Christians to believe in the mysteries of the divine even when they transcend human reason. Even having beheld the beauty of the Divine himself, Dante is unable to relate the experience in words to his readers. Though he has seen the mysteries of God with his own eyes, the Divine Essence’s unparalleled nature transcends human explanation and human understanding. In this way Dante illustrates Aquinas’s conclusion that while on Earth we must rely on what we believe not what we actually see and understand. Aquinas says, â€Å"although human reason cannot grasp fully the truths that are yet above it†¦if it somehow holds these truths by faith, it acquires great perfection for itself† (Summa Contra Gentiles, Handout I, 6). In this way Aquinas clarifies the relationship between faith and reason. Without faith, reason remains unperfected and vulnerable to falsehoods. With faith, however, reason aligns itself with truth and thus aligns itself with the will of God. Individuals who perfect reason with faith are guided along the path towards salvation, just as Dante experiences. Following this path, one is able to arrive at the end toward which all humanity tends, prepared and deserving of the vision of the Divine Essence. It is only at this moment that the individual achieves the desires of both reason and will: truth and happiness. How to cite Aquinas and Dante: Perfecting Human Reason, Essay examples

Fundamentals of Nonverbal Behavior

Question: Discuss about the Fundamentals of Nonverbal Behavior. Answer: It starts even before a candidate say his/her first word in an interview. As the interviewer walks towards the candidate to shake his/her hands, an opinion has already being formed. And when a candidate sits waiting to spew out the answers to the questions they have prepared for, they are already being judged by their posture, appearance, smile, or their anxious looks. According to the study conducted by UCLA few years back reflected that the impact of performance of the candidate during the interview is based on 7% of the words that have been used, 38% on the quality of voice 55% on the non-verbal communication (Feldman Rim, 2001). Basically, nonverbal indicates: Controlling the communication flow, such as signalling to stop or start speaking. Defining relationship among the two individuals, such as shaking hands when entering or exiting the interview hall. Giving definite feedback. Supplementing verbal communication, like nodding the head when answering Yes. Conveying information about the emotional state of the candidate, like tapping the feet or too much blinking the eyes (anxiety nervousness) (DePaulo, 2002) There are different aspects which define nonverbal behaviour should be taken into consideration while giving interview: Kinetics or Body language A body moment comprises of gestures, posters, head hand moments, or the whole body movements. Body language establishes a dynamic part of communication as it strengthens what an applicant or candidate is trying to convey while sharing information about their attitudes emotions. Sometimes it may happen that body language of an individual may conflict with what he/she is trying to convey to the interviewer, which may lead the interviewer to reach at a wrong conclusion (Russo, 2005). Body language can be further categorized as: Adaptors: Gestures which fulfil a physical need. Like eating nails or scraping an itch while feeling anxious. Illustrators: Gestures which are complementing the verbal communications. Such as nodding the head when meaning yes, these types of signals strengthens what is being communicated. Illustrators vary from culture to culture. Looking into the eyes while stressing on a point shows the confidence interest level in America, whereas it is considered as rude in Asian countries. Regulators: Gestures which provide the feedback while having the conversation. They control, regulate maintain the flow of the speech. These gestures include, indicate the understanding by using the sounds like uh-huh when nodding the head. Emblems: Gestures which means the same as what is being said. Such as, the sign of V for victory Ok. But the interpretation of these gestures could be different from culture to culture. V could symbolize absolute offensive in Australia, whereas it means the number 2 in US. Affect displays: These facial expressions gestures shows the emotions of the person. These gestures are usually unintentional and might certainly conflict with what is being said. These gestures are like using silence to show displeasure or shaking when angry (Graham Heywood, 2005). Oculesics or Eye moments The magic of sight can break or make the chances of an applicant landing into a rewarding job prospects. There could an instant rejection of an applicant who is staring at the interviewer with a look of absolute terror on his/her face. The applicant intensity of the gaze, pupil dilation, frequency of glances blink rate can expose the hidden intent while facing the interview. Moments of eyes acts as a window into the soul of the person, have a penchant to reveal information unintentionally. In order to avoid awkwardness, it is best to focus at a point closer to the eyes of the interviewer (can be nose). Maintaining the eye contact with the interviewer denotes that interest, which is way of giving receiving the feedback. Eye moments nurtures the relationship, like a person a person avoids making the eye contact when they are not sure about the question asked by the interviewer, whereas maintain a positive eye contact when a person is sure eager to answer a question. Oculesics have a tendency to infer different emotions. Like, blinking the eyes in a situation of confusion. A stable gaze forms a bridge between listening speaking (Bull, 2003). Paralinguistic or Voice Modulation Paralanguage states to all those speech aspects that are directly not related to words. Voice modulation comprises tone, intonation, audibility level pitch of our baritone. A candidate while answering questions of the interviewer should always be aware of pausing between the words articulating the speed volume of the message that is being delivered. An interviewer can easily pick emphasis on certain words (Zipf, 2015). Proxemics or Personal space In the world of multicultural societies, it is very crucial to understand the thorough tones of personal space articulated in different ethnic groups. Violating a space of an individual can be extremely offensive absolutely open to misinterpretation. In Western society personal space is defined by four types of relationships which are internally divided into a far phase a close phase: Intimate (up to forty-five cm.): These distance expanses from touching to forty-five cm, conquering the intimate space of an individual without their permission can be very offensive. Personal (forty-five cm to 1.2 m): This is the most suitable distance for having a conversation. Within this boundary, handshake is done. It is quite easy to analyse see the body language of the other person at this distance. Social (1.2-3.6 m): This practice of personal space comes into role when a candidate is sitting for the interview; this is the normal distance for interpersonal business. Public (3.7-4.5 m): At this distance which is quire far, it is important to amplify non-verbal cues for effective communication (Searle, 2009). Chronemics or Study of time This language of time could be very technical to comprehend. Getting a hang of this study of time makes for decent ethics of interview promises well for you character in case a candidate is hired. The concept of time in preparation of an interview relates to interaction, willingness to wait, patience punctuality. The time-usage of an applicant can express whether he/she is appropriate for the job or not. Reaching the venue of the interview on time could be one of the simplest examples (Birdwhistell, 2009). Pointers to Impress It is quite simple to simple to talk about nonverbal behaviour but quite difficult to practice in real time. There are no tips that can be mugged up before attending the interview. These traits are inherent which could apparent themselves in any form on the interview day. However, to decrease anxiety gain some confidence, the below suggestions should be kept in mind while preparing for an interview: Dressing properly for the interview, polished shoes, business formals. Tone down the bling when it comes to makeup, jewellery particularly fragrance Smile while meeting the interviewer for the first time Pay attention to the details be attentive. Maintain proper eye contact with the interviewer Be confident Take proper care of words rhythms that you speak Listen attentively Keep emotions in check Thank interviewer for his time patience (Apple, Streeter Krauss, 2009). Hence, to conclude we can say that nonverbal communication is an essential part of an applicant profile and to attain a successful carrier it is important to develop these skills. References Apple, W., Streeter, L. A., Krauss, R. M. (2009). Effects of pitch and speech rate on personal attributions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 715- 727. Birdwhistell, R. L. (2007). Kinesics and context. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Bull, P. (2003). Body movement and interpersonal communication. London: Wiley. DePaulo, B. M. (2002). Nonverbal behavior and self-presentation. Psychological Review, 111, 203-243. Feldman, R. S., Rim, B. (2001). Fundamentals of nonverbal behavior. New York: Cambridge University Press, Graham, J. A., Heywood, S. (2005). The effects of elimination of hand gestures and of verbal codability on speech performance. 5, 185-189. Russo, N. F. (2005). Eye contact, interpersonal distance, and the equilibrium theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 497-502. Searle, J. R. (2009). Speech acts: An essay in the philosophy of language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Zipf, G. K. (2015). The psychobiology of language. New York: Houghton-Mifflin

Physical attractiveness Essay Example

Physical attractiveness Essay We found that in general women were more likely to offer youth and good looks as opposed to wealth and financial status in my sample of adverts. This is similar to the research of Dunbar and Waynforth (1995), who found that women were more likely to offer physical attractiveness. Furthermore, these results are supported by Darwins theory of evolution, as by offering physical attractiveness as a quality, women are more likely to be successful child bearers. This means that offspring are more likely to survive, and healthy genes are more likely to be passed through the generations. Similarly, we found that men were more likely to offer wealth and finance rather that looks. Dunbar and Waynforth also found a similar trend. Furthermore, Darwins theory of evolution also supports these findings, as a man with a secure financial status will be more able to provide for offspring making them more likely to survive and have the ability to pass on healthy genes to the next generation. Our results are also supported by research by David Buss who also found that women are more likely to offer youth and looks rather than wealth and finance, and vice versa for men. We will write a custom essay sample on Physical attractiveness specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Physical attractiveness specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Physical attractiveness specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, my results cannot necessarily be accounted for using different cultures, as Anderson et al (1992) found that attractive characteristics varies from culture to culture. Limitations and Modifications Although my results matched my experimental hypothesis, the experiment had many limitations. Firstly, I was not able to control who advertised themselves in the newspaper and therefore the advertisements may not be representative of the general population. Only a certain type of person would put an advertisement into a newspaper. They may be shy or have a personal difference that stops them from going out. It is also possible that they have personality traits that are not typical of the average person. It could be argued that people who advertise in lonely-hearts advertisements could be argued as abnormal. Most people are able to and meet their partners out on social occasions or at their local sports club but those who are writing into the newspapers must be unable to find somebody in theses situations and therefore could possibly be abnormal. Secondly, people may emphasise certain traits, underestimate others and tell lies or not the full truth. This limits the validity of any conclusions that are drawn from the possibly unreliable results. Also, there is the fact that my pre-determined lists are subjective as they are opinion and therefore someone repeating the experiment may deduce completely different information from the same examples when there were no specific references to youth/looks and wealth/finance. This reduces the ecological validity of my experiment even further. As with most experiments, Cultural variations have to also be taken into account. This could be due to the extent to which countries are developed and the differing cultural priorities. For example in some cultures it is a priority for women to get married and have children, whereas for the men it is to provide food for their family. It is now becoming increasingly more common for the womens role to be more providing and for the mens role to be involved with the children. My results draw attention to the fact that women who have youth/good looks and men that are successful/wealthy (and good looking also) are thought to be the most attractive. These results are apparent in the media and aspects of every day life. For example, photos of women on mens magazines are almost always of women who are youthful and stereotypically good looking. Also, mens magazines often contain content that will offer advice on becoming more successful, and therefore more attractive. Also, many adverts aimed at men signify status symbols and therefore support my findings. One explanation for my results may be because of an evolutionary effect; over time men have become more attracted to good looking women as they will be likely to successfully give birth to children and women have become more attracted to men offering resources as they will be more likely to provide for them and their offspring meaning a higher chance of survival. By doing this, healthy genes can be passed on through the generations and the race can continue to survive. This explanation is supported by Darwins theory of evolution. However, men and women may be influenced by the media, peer pressure or other things that make them try and act or appear more attractive. There is a range of further research that could be carried out to gain a further insight into the nature of these findings. For example, the experiment could be repeated using homosexual ads, and see what resources homosexuals offer and compare those findings to these ones. I could also compare results with findings from samples of an older generation past breeding age so that the findings would be irrelevant to evolution. Additionally, a cross culture investigation would be an interesting investigation to be done. One could study how people in different cultures attract their partners and even compare between more economically developed and less economically developed countries. Physical attractiveness Essay Example Physical attractiveness Essay The sample was composed of 40 students from the University of Warwick, 20 males and 20 females, between 18 and 24 years of age. Equal numbers of male and female participants were used to counter the effects gender may place on perception of physical attractiveness. The subjects participated in the study on a voluntary basis and were an opportunity sample.  Materials  Two consent forms including a brief about the experiment and the participants role within it was provided for the couples being rated and the independent judges, (see appendix A and B.) Separate colour photographs were taken from the neck up of each member of ten long term heterosexual couples using a digital camera. Long term was defined as courting for 6months or over. These couples were told their photograph would be rated for physical attractiveness by independent judges and that the results would be recorded for a psychological investigation, anonymously and confidentially.  Each photograph was printed on a separate sheet of paper and divided into two groups according to sex (see appendix C.) Paper and pens were used for the subjects to record their ranking order of physical attractiveness for the male and female groups. Microsoft excel was used to format these results (see appendix D.)  SPSS (version 10) software was used to calculate the data set.  Design  The enquiry was a correlation study, exploring the relationship between the two variables of physical attractiveness of an individual and the physical attractiveness of their partner. Spearmans rho statistical test was used to calculate the data set because the study was a correlation design and the data was ordinal. We will write a custom essay sample on Physical attractiveness specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Physical attractiveness specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Physical attractiveness specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Procedure  Participants were asked for full informed consent (see appendix B). They were aware they could withdraw from the study at any point and were provided a chance to clarify any issues they found confusing. They were then taken into a secluded room to prevent any external interference. Photographs were pre-organised into two piles, male and female, although within these groups the order was random. A brief was given of the ranking procedure, Please rank the photographs in each pile in order of physical attractiveness, position 1 being the least attractive and 10 the most attractive.  Participants were given unlimited time to complete the task. After recording the results, the subjects were given a verbal debriefing on the nature of the investigation.  Our study is investigating the theory that when seeking a partner we tend to go for those that match us in terms of physical attractiveness. The 20 photographs we asked you to rank were 10 long term couples. With your results we are going to see if the rank position you gave for the male of the couple is the same as the rank position you gave to the female. If so then it seems our hypothesis is correct. Thank you for you participation. If you wish to get in contact with any of us feel free to. (We then handed over our email address.) Once the data set was complete, the results were correlated and analysed using Spearmans Rho statistical analysis.  As this study suggests physical similarity doesnt denote itself as an important mate selection criteria, we may therefore be assured that appearances arent all that matter. In fact, a plethora of empirical documentations have shown that matching of personal characteristics is a more reliable determinate of attraction in long term relationships. For example, Newcomb (1961) provided students with rent-free accommodation in exchange for completed questionnaires concerning attitudes and values. Over the course of the  attraction between the students were closely measured. The results conclusively showed that attraction was ultimately determined by similar pre-acquaintance attitudes, adhering to the balance theory. Brynes repeated findings that matched attitudes is important in relationships led him to form a law of attraction that attraction bears a linear relation to homogenous attitudes. This is a logical implication as agreement is an affirming experience. Furthermore in order to sustain a relationship communication is necessary. If we have little in common with our partner we may lose interest. Linked to the importance of similarity, the social exchange theory purports close interpersonal relationships are formed on the basis of rewards partners can bring to each other. By striking a value match, individuals seek the partner they believe to be the most realistically rewarding they could hope to find (Thibaut and Kelly 1959; Berscheid and Walster 1978.) In some instances the reward may be physical appearance, explaining the slight correlation found in the results, however personality and social outlook tend to be viewed as stronger and often greater rewards. Furthermore these rewards can be counterbalanced, completing the equity theory that rewards should be contributed equality by each partner to avoid unfairness, for example one of the partners may be highly attractive and of average intelligence, whilst the other is average attractiveness and highly intelligent. Despite the general support for homogeny in relationships, another theory offering an explanation for the results is the notion of needs complimentary. This states in short that opposites attract as different characteristics can compliment each others psychological needs (Winch, 1958.) For example a dominant person may seek a submissive person or visa versa. However there is little experimental documentation to support this notion. It is more probable that complimenting develops later in courtship as each member of the relationship takes their role. (Rubin 1973) Even though there are theories offering explanations for the results of this experiment, I still feel there is evidence within society pointing us to the matching hypothesis of physical similarity. I therefore look to the experimental design to see if there are any reasons for inaccurate results. Firstly the matching hypothesis depends on the individuals self-evaluation (Leonard 1975.). If a person has low self-esteem, it is likely that they will seek a partner who is below their own market value. As we only had a small sample of couples, it is possible a few individuals who judged themselves to be lower than they actually are have affected the total findings. Hence for future studies I would increase the sample size. Secondly, even though we only used long term couples, we werent really aware of the level of commitment. If the couples were only casual, the criteria used is generally less tied to their own market value. As all the couples were students at the same university they may have been dating for six months, but due to the structure of terms, it is possible they were only actually together for four months. If I were to repeat this study I would raise the definition of long-term to 1 year or over. Thirdly, the photographed individuals may not have been accurately represented in the picture resulting in inaccurate ratings. In a future study this extraneous variable could be reduced by presenting a number of photographs of the same individual to the ranking procedure.  Due to the findings of this experiment, it would be interesting to include personality assessments to the procedure. We would therefore be able to see if there is a correlation between similar personalities in cases where the couples didnt match in physical attractiveness.

Fahrenheit 451 Summary

Fahrenheit 451 Summary Ray Bradbury’s 1953 novel Fahrenheit 451 is set in a dystopian society that burns books in order to control dangerous ideas and unhappy concepts. The novel tells the story of Guy Montag, a fireman who questions the book-burning policy and undergoes extraordinary suffering and transformation as a result. Part 1: The Hearth and the Salamander When the novel begins, fireman Guy Montag is burning a hidden collection of books. He enjoys the experience; it is a pleasure to burn. After finishing his shift, he leaves the firehouse and goes home. On the way he meets a neighbor, a young girl named Clarisse McClellan. Clarisse tells Montag that she is crazy and she asks Montag many questions. After they part, Montag finds himself disturbed by the encounter. Clarisse has forced him to think about his life instead of simply offering superficial responses to her questions. At home, Montag discovers his wife, Mildred, unconscious from an overdose of sleeping pills. Montag calls for help and two technicians arrive to pump Mildreds stomach and perform a blood transfusion. They tell Montag that they no longer send doctors because there are so many overdoses. The next day, Mildred claims to have no memory of the overdose, believing she went to a wild party and woke up hungover. Montag is disturbed by her cheer and her inability to engage with what happened. Montag continues to meet Clarisse almost every night for talks. Clarisse tells him that she is sent to therapy because she does not enjoy the normal activities of life and prefers to be outside and to have conversations. Some weeks later Clarisse suddenly stops meeting him, and Montag is saddened and alarmed. The firemen are called to a book hoarder’s house. An old woman refuses to give up her library, and the firemen break in and begin to tear the house apart. In the chaos, Montag steals a copy of the Bible on impulse. The old woman then shocks him by setting herself and her books on fire. Montag goes home and attempts to engage Mildred in conversation, but his wife’s mind has regressed and she is incapable of even simple thoughts. He asks her what happened to Clarisse and she is able to tell him that the girl was hit by a car and killed a few days prior. Montag tries to sleep but imagines a Hound (a robotic assistant to the firemen) prowling around outside. The next morning, Montag suggests he might need a break from his work, and Mildred panics over the thought of not being able to afford their home and the large wall-sized televisions that provide her parlor wall family. Hearing of Montag’s crisis, Montag’s boss, Captain Beatty, explains the origin of the book-burning policy: because of shortening attention spans and increased protest against various books content, the society decided to voluntarily dispense of all books in order to prevent future trouble. Beatty suspects Montag has stolen a book, and tells Montag that a fireman who has stolen a book is usually given 24 hours to burn it. After that, the rest of the firemen will come and burn down his house. After Beatty leaves, Montag reveals to a horrified Mildred that he has been stealing books for a while, and has several hidden away. She attempts to burn them, but he stops her and says they will read the books and decide if they have any value. If not, he promises to burn them. Part 2: The Sieve and the Sand Montag hears the Hound outside the house, but tries to force Mildred to consider the books. She refuses, angry at being forced to think. Montag tells her that something is wrong with the world, that no one is paying attention to the bombers overhead that threaten nuclear war, and he suspects books might contain information that could help fix it. Mildred becomes angry, but soon gets distracted when her friend Mrs. Bowles calls to arrange a television viewing party. Frustrated, Montag telephones a man he’d met many years before: a former English professor named Faber. He wants to ask Faber about books, but Faber hangs up on him. Montag goes to Faber’s house via subway, taking the Bible with him; he attempts to read it but is constantly distracted and overwhelmed by the advertising being played incessantly. Faber, an old man, is suspicious and afraid. He initially refuses to help Montag in his quest for knowledge, so Montag begins to rip pages from the Bible, destroying the book. This act horrifies Faber and he finally agrees to help, giving Montag an earpiece so that Faber can guide him verbally from a distance. Montag returns home and interrupts Mildreds viewing party, turning off the parlor wall screens. He tries to engage Mildred and their guests in conversation, but they are revealed to be thoughtless and callous people who don’t even care for their own children. Disgusted, Montag begins reading from a book of poetry despite Faber’s pleas in his ear. Mildred tells her friends that this is something firemen do once a year to remind everyone how terrible books and the past were. The party breaks up, and Faber insists that Montag burn the poetry book to avoid arrest. Montag buries the rest of his book collection and takes the bible to the firehouse, handing it to Beatty. Beatty informs him that he himself was once a book-lover, but he realized that none of the knowledge in books was of any real use. A call comes in for the firemen and they climb onto the truck and race to the destination: Montag’s house. Part 3: Burning Bright Beatty tells Montag that his wife and her friends reported him. Mildred leaves the house in a daze and gets into a taxi without a word. Montag does as ordered and burns his own house down, but when Beatty discovers the earpiece and threatens to kill Faber, Montag burns him to death and attacks his fellow firemen. The Hound attacks him and injects tranquilizers into his leg before he can burn it as well. As he limps away he wonders if Beatty had wanted to die, and set up Montag to kill him. At Faber’s house, the old man urges Montag to flee into the wilderness and make contact with the Drifters, a group of people who have escaped society. They see another Hound being released on television. Montag meets the drifters, who are led by a man named Granger. Granger tells him that the authorities will fake Montag’s capture rather than admit to any flaw in their control, and sure enough, they watch on a portable television as a another man is identified as Montag and executed. The Drifters are former intellectuals, and they have each memorized at least one book with the intention of carrying its knowledge into the future. As Montag studies with them, bombers fly overhead and drop nuclear bombs on the city. The Drifters are far enough away to survive. The next day, Granger tells them about the legendary Phoenix that rose from the ashes, and muses that humans can do the same, except with the knowledge of their own mistakes to guide them. The group then begins walking towards the city to help rebuild society with their memorized wisdom.

Infection among Burn Patients Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Infection among Burn Patients - Research Paper Example In general 75% of the fatalities are usually seen at the scene of the incident itself, and for those reaching medical care, infection is the major cause of mortality and illness (Murray, 2011). Since majority of the skin is exposed to the elements and to the atmosphere, protecting it from infection and bacteria is a major challenge. For those with burn injuries, this challenge is even bigger. The type and quantity of microorganisms which colonize the burn wounds are also known to affect the patient’s future risk for would infection. The pathogens which infect the wound are mostly gram-positive bacteria which include methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and gram-negative bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella species (Murray, 2011). These infective agents often increase the resistance of a person to various antimicrobials. Moreover, burns are usually infected with fungus infective agents, making the infection process on burn wounds even more difficult to prevent and manage. In recent years, the survival rates and the infection rates for infection among burn patients have improved with the introduction of modern medical practices. These medical practices now include advances in fluid resuscitation, nutritional support, pulmonary care, burn wound care, and infection control (Church, et.al., 2006). Despite these improvements, there are still improvements which can be made to the practice. (Murray, 2011).